梁实秋散文：《谈友谊》
朋友居五伦之末，其实朋友是极重要的一伦。所谓友谊实即人与人之间的一种良好的关系，其中包括了解、欣赏、信任、容忍、牺牲……诸多美德。如果以友谊作基础，则其他的各种关系如父子夫妇兄弟之类均可圆满地建立起来。当然父子兄弟是无可选择的*关系，夫妇虽有选择余地，但一经结合便以不再仳离为原则，而朋友则是有聚有散可合可分的。不过，说穿了，父子夫妇兄弟都是朋友关系，不过形式性质稍有不同罢了。严格地讲，凡是充分具备一个好朋友的人，他一定也是一个好父亲、好儿子、好丈夫、好妻子、好哥哥、好弟弟。反过来亦然。
我们的古圣先贤对于交友一端是甚为注重的。《论语》里面关于交友的话很多。在西方亦是如此。罗马的西塞罗有一篇著名的《论友谊》。法国的蒙田、英国的培根、美国的爱默生，都有论友谊的文章。我觉得近代的作家在这个题目上似乎不大肯费笔墨了。这是不是叔季之世友谊没落的象征呢?我不敢说。
古之所谓“刎颈交”，陈义过高，非常人所能企及。如Damon与Pythias，David与Jonathan，怕也只是传说中的美谈吧。就是把友谊的标准降低一些，真正能称得起朋友的还是很难得。试想一想，如有银钱经手的事，你信得过的朋友能有几人?在你蹭蹬失意或疾病患难之中还肯登门拜访乃至雪中送炭的朋友又有几人?你出门在外之际对于你的妻室弱媳肯加照顾而又不照顾得太多者又有几人?再退一步，平素投桃报李，莫逆于心，能维持长久于不坠者，又有几人?总角之交，如无特别利害关系以为维系，恐怕很难在若干年后不变成为路人。富兰克林说：“有三个朋友是最忠实可靠的——老妻，老狗和现款。”妙的是这三个朋友都不是朋友。倒是亚里斯多德的一句话最干脆：“我的朋友们啊!世界上根本没有朋友。”这句话近于愤世嫉俗，事实上世界上还是有朋友的，不过虽然无需打着灯笼去找，却是像沙里淘金而且还需要长时间地洗炼。一旦真铸成了友谊，便会金石同坚，永不退转。
大抵物以类聚，人以群分。臭味相投，方能永以为好。交朋友也讲究门当户对，纵不像九品中正那么严格，也自然有个界线。“同学少年多不贱，五陵裘马自轻肥”，于“自轻肥”之余还能对着往日的旧游而不把眼睛移到眉毛上边去么?汉光武容许严子陵把他的大腿压在自己的肚子上，固然是雅量可风，但是严子陵之毅然决然地归隐于富春山，则尤为知趣。朱洪武写信给他的一位朋友说：“朱元璋作了皇帝，朱元璋还是朱元璋……”话自管说得很漂亮，看看他后来之诛戮功臣，也就不免令人心悸。人的身心构造原是一样的，但是一入宦途，可能发生突变。孔子说，无友不如己者。我想一来只是指品学而言，二来只是说不要结交比自己坏的，并没有说一定要我们去高攀。友谊需要两造，假如双方都想结交比自己好的，那就永远交不起来。
好像是王尔德说过，“一个男人与一个女人之间是不可能有友谊存在的。”就一般而论，这话是对的，因为如有深厚的友谊，那友谊容易变质，如果不是心心相印，那又算不得是友谊。过犹不及，那分际是很难把握的。忘年交倒是可能的。弥衡年未二十，孔融年已五十，便相交友，这样的例子史不绝书。但似乎以同性为限。并且以我所知，忘年交之形成固有赖于兴趣之相近与互相之器赏，但年长的一方面多少需要保持一点童心，年幼的一方面多少需要显着几分老成。老气横秋则令人望而生畏，轻薄儇佻则人且避之若浼。单身的人容易交朋友，因为他的情感无所寄托，漂泊流离之中最需要一个一倾积愫的对象，可是等他有红袖添香稚子候门的时候，心境就不同了。
“君子之交淡若水”，因为淡所以不腻，才能持久。“与朋友交，久而敬之。”敬就是保持距离，也就是防止过分的亲昵。不过“狎而敬之”是很难的。最要注意的是，友谊不可透支，总要保留几分。Mark Twain说：“神圣的友谊之情，其性质是如此的甜蜜、稳定、忠实、持久。可以终身不渝，如果不开口向你借钱。”这真是慨而言之。朋友本有通财之谊，但这是何等微妙的一件事!世上最难望的事是借出去的钱，一般人为最倒霉的事幼莫过于还钱。一牵涉到钱，恩怨便很难清算得清楚，多少成长中的友谊都被这阿堵物所戕害!
规劝乃是朋友中间应有之义，但是谈何容易。名利场中，沆瀣一气，自己都难以明辨是非，哪有余力规劝别人?而在对方则又良药苦口忠言逆耳，谁又愿意别人批他的逆鳞?规劝不可当着第三者的面前行之，以免伤他的颜面，不可在他情绪不宁时行之，以免逢彼之怒。孔子说：“忠告而善道之，不可则止。”我总以为劝善规过是友谊的消极的作用。友谊之乐是积极的。只有*和野兽才喜欢孤独，人是要朋友的。“假如一个人独自升天，看见宇宙的大观，群星的美丽，他并不能感到快乐，他必要找到一个人向他述说他所见的奇景，他才能快乐。”共享快乐，比共受患难，应该是更正常的友谊中的趣味。
拓展阅读
1、爱上友谊的味道六年级想象作文
“童年是午后的秋天，数白云一片片……”在高高的台阶上，芸雪和京司雨一起哼着歌曲，一起折着千纸鹤。在她们放在一旁的大许愿瓶里，还有愈许多彩色的，小巧玲珑的许愿星。阳光温暖地笼罩在这两个好朋友身上，她们那几条垂荡在台阶下的腿还不时晃动着，洁白的牙齿似乎也在展现着主人的好心情。
一天，芸雪和京司雨躺在草地上一棵大树阴影下，一起折着千纸鹤。而京司雨却有心不在焉的，那些作废了的彩纸，已经可以堆成一个小山了。芸雪似乎注意到了京司雨的异常，她用个吧捅了捅京司雨，笑嘻嘻地说：“雨，想什么呢，这么认真啊！”京雨抬了抬眼皮，说：“妈妈生病了，要动手术，我怕……”“没事的，**妈不会事的，来，一起折千纸鹤祝福吧！”京司雨扯出一个淡淡的微笑：“嗯。”
随后的几天里，京司雨突然变得很爱笑，眼睛常常笑的像月牙那样弯。芸雪问：“你怎么这么爱笑啊！”京司雨有些不好意思地笑了一下，说：“妈妈的手术很成功，她已经可以出院了。”那也不能开心地天天咧着嘴啊！”京司雨愣了一下，隐约中，芸雪听到这样一句话：“以后就再也没有机会了……”芸雪听了，心里袅袅地升起一丝不安，问：“什么意思啊？”“什么？”京司雨反问，她一脸笃实，不像是装出来的。芸雪也微微放了心。放学的时候，京司雨拉住芸雪，对她笑着说：“我对着你笑，这叫giveyousmile明白吗？呵呵”说完她就走了。芸雪念着京司雨刚刚说的话，若有所思。
在一个雨天里，京司雨来到芸雪家，伤感地对芸雪说：“雪，我要转学了，上次我说妈妈出院的事是假的，妈妈已经去天堂了，而我们也要分开了……”说到这儿，京司雨梗咽了。芸雪听了，大惊失色：“什么，你要转学了！”“嗯。”京司雨轻轻点点头。芸雪一呆，说不出话来。京司雨流着泪把一个大瓶子给了芸雪，对她说：“我们还会再见面的，这里装了999只千纸鹤，等我们在相见的那天，我会当着你的面，把第1000只千纸鹤折好送给你！”芸雪再也忍不住了，她扑在京司雨的怀里，失声痛哭。十分钟后，京司雨站起身来，对还在抽泣的芸雪说：“我要走了，再见。”说完，便含着泪夺门而出
芸雪站在窗口，脑海里浮现出京司雨每次对她笑的场景，她也想起了京司雨曾经对她说过的一句话：“我对着你笑，这叫giveyousmile……”
望着京司雨消瘦的身影消失在茫茫雨帘中，她的泪水再一次夺眶而出…
2、谈中秋节高中英语作文
Every festival is filled with joy. Every promise is full of expectation; Every season is charming; Every Mid-Autumn festival is full of happy tears!
At this moment, he must think of the sorrow of the world, and he would like to live between happiness and love, and enjoy his life, and enjoy his life. When, where, where can be missing this Mid-Autumn festival, with loved ones to embrace! Mid-Autumn night, the moon, sparkles with the earth, and the people to the moon as a symbol of reunion, the August 15 as a family reunion day, therefore, the Mid-Autumn festival is also known as "the mid autumn festival".
Today, the family reunion is here, the bright moonlight sprinkles to this festival, the road is full of people, the square is surrounded by the bright colors, the mooncake sellers shout loudly. An old man, with a smile on his face, said with joy that his son was back, and the family was finally reunited. She smiled and carefully picked up the mooncakes, the vicissitudes of her hand, so how much she suffered, and hoped for the reunion of the day. I walked slowly, thinking, my hands full of happiness walking home. I looked at the stars in the sky, and laughed. I opened the door, and a warm warm air came to me.
At night, starry sky, every twinkle light, filled with warmth. Sitting in the house, sitting in the room, talking and laughing, eating sweet mooncakes, nagging at the body, talking about happiness, talking about learning. Every movement, every sound, every urgent mood. All the troubles of the world are touched by all this. I can't help but forget the daily burden.
3、谈中秋节高中英语作文
Today is the annual Mid-Autumn festival, is our country's traditional festival, is the family reunion day.
As night fell, a bright moon rose from the east, and the silver moon reflected a few silvery feathery clouds.
In the yard, mother already laid the moon cakes, apples, pears and grapes on the table. Our family sat around the table eating and enjoying the moon. I looked up at the moon and suddenly thought of the tang dynasty poet li bai's "the month alone", and casually said, "a pot of wine between flowers, no blind date. A toast to the moon, to the shadow of three people." Just as the words fell, the applause rose. I was greatly appreciated for my passionate performance.
Grandpa said that the moon is the most popular custom since ancient times, and the Mid-Autumn festival is a festival of the tang dynasty. "Yue to the Mid-Autumn festival" the ancients saw the moon, nature thought of family reunion. The Mid-Autumn festival is a time for family activities and gatherings of family and friends. Mid-Autumn night in the moonlight glistening white yard, outdoor public places or on the roof, and put the delicious moon cakes in a timely manner to make proper fruit, brew a pot of tea, enjoy the moon while tea, chat with nostalgia, is a joy. Seeing the family immersed in endless joy and happiness, I can't help thinking of those who are far away from home, who must be looking at the moon and missing loved ones in their hometown.
The moon rose higher and higher, and it shone like a snowball in the dark blue sky, which lit up the little courtyard and illuminated everyone's heart. Our whole family was enchanted by the charming moonlight
4、谈中秋节高中英语作文
On the night of the Mid-Autumn festival, I looked up to the sky and saw a round moon, but it was not the round moon that we used to say. There were layers of clouds in the sky, like smoke and fog, in the moonlight. The moon is exactly the moon and qing yun of the red niang, led between the two, the light of a circle, is neither the dominant, and the more delicate.
The moon in Mid-Autumn festival is always so round and bright, like the sweet moon cakes in the hands of people, long time not tired, not greasy, still so memorable.
I would like to wander in the clouds in the moon and listen to her old tales; And stand quietly in silence. But all these things are in the soft moonlight on me. This is the real touch, the blessing of old friends. A lot of people would like to spend the night in the house, but I prefer a quiet night at a high balcony or outside listening to the moon. It reminds me of the solitary chang 'e of the moon, which has been circulating in our country for thousands of years. Perhaps this is a story of the tragic color in the spread of the generation of ancient people, the ancients also brought their feelings into this round of the moon.
The Mid-Autumn festival, people no matter how busy, also must return home and family to eat reunion dinner. The strange thing is, why do people do the same thing at Mid-Autumn festival? Just for a family reunion? Right! The time of the family is precious, the meaning of the Mid-Autumn festival is the circle round!
On the earth of the motherland, how many so desperately loved ones can't together, how many soldiers guarded the frontier of the motherland and defend the motherland territory, when we have a good Mid-Autumn festival night, but they cannot be reunited with his family, can only send their love to the moon, let the light of the moon to the hometown, expressing the blessings of loved ones. On the Mid-Autumn festival, people will be thinking of the thoughts of the moon in the palace, let her bring the family blessing -- peace, make the family happy and happy to spend the beautiful Mid-Autumn night.
The Mid-Autumn night, also is a sleepless night. Looking at the round moon, even when far away from home, can feel the festive joy.
When in August 15 that day, bright moonlight as in the ground with a frost, round moon hung high, around from time to time, there were a few cloud, the autumn wind howling, slowly blowing wind. In such a laid-back environment, it would be very pleasant to sit down with family and eat moon cakes, enjoy the moon and talk about the recent life.
The night is deep, the soft moonlight is full of the earth, everything looks like a silver veil. The houses, the trees, were asleep, and they were like sleeping in a very wide "cradle". I also slept, the round moon with me into the round dream.
5、我爱果实累累的秋天作文
有人喜欢花红柳绿的春天，有人喜欢那骄阳似火的夏天，也有人喜欢那大雪纷飞的冬天，而我却偏偏喜欢果实累累的秋天。
秋天是花的季节。你们瞧，许多话都凋零了，可是那耐寒傲霜的菊花，才刚刚盛开。菊花虽然没有玫瑰的芬芳，但菊花是秋天的象征。有的花你挣我抢的盛开，给秋姑娘一份礼物。许多花瓣在天空中飞舞，像无数星星马上在地面上降落；有的像无数条龙在天空中盘旋。它以自己的高尚品质点缀着美丽的秋天。
秋天是树木展现美丽的季节。虽然小草已有些发黄，白杨的树叶开始掉落。但是，凉爽的秋风吹过，把树叶全部吹了下来，像下雨一样，铺成了一条路，走在上面感觉软绵绵的，非常舒服。在着金色的海洋中，还有一片绿洲，那就是翠绿的松树。它无论在春、夏、秋、冬，都是翠绿的。如果你们不相信，就来看看，好吗？
秋天是丰收的季节。那红彤彤的苹果成熟了，像一个个红灯笼似地挂在枝头上。麦子和玉米成熟了，风一吹过，麦穗轻轻地奏起了美妙、动听的音乐。给大地铺上了金色的地毯，那种感觉真好啊！
秋天的天是那么高，那么蓝。一群大雁王往南飞，一会儿排成了“一”字，一会儿排成了“人”字，飞向温暖的南方，过着美好的生活。
秋天的景色真令人神往和陶醉啊！
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